Communicative Moves in Research Article Sections

1. Introduction Section - Move 1: Establishing a territory    ㆍ Step 1: Claiming centrality    ㆍ Setp 2: Topical generalizations    ㆍ Step 3: Reviewing previous research - Move 2: Establishing a niche    ㆍ Step 1: Indicating a gap    ㆍ Step 2: Continuing tradition - Move 3: Occupying the niche    ㆍ Step 1: Stating main purposes or main features of research    ㆍ Step 2: Listing research questions or hypotheses    ㆍ Step 3: Announcing major findings    ㆍ Step 4: Stating value of the present research 2. Method Section - Move 1: Describing data collection procedures    ㆍ Step 1: Describing the sample    ㆍ Step 2: Recounting steps in data collection    ㆍ Step 3: Justifying the data collection procedures - Move 2: Delineating prodecures for measuring variables    ㆍ Step 1: Presenting an overview of the design    ㆍ Step 2: Explaining methods of measuring variables    ㆍ Step 3: Justfying the methods of measuring variables - Move 3: Elucidating data analysis procedures    ㆍ Step 1: Relating data analysis procedures    ㆍ Step 2: Justifying the data analysisprodedures    ㆍ Step 3: Previewing results 3. (Results &) Discussion Section - Move 1: Background information    ㆍ Step 1: Ideational organizers    ㆍ Step 2: Recapping introduction - Move 2: Reporting results - Move 3: Summarizing results - Move 4: Commenting on results    ㆍ Step 1: Interpreting results    ㆍ Step 2: comparing results with literature - Move 5: Summarizing the study - Move 6: Evaluating the study    ㆍ Step 1: Indicating limitations    ㆍ Step 2: Significance (Implications: Specific to general) - Move 7: Recommendation (Further research)